Menahem had little choice but to be counted among those loyal to Tiglath-Pileser iii. We have no inheritance in the son of Jesse" (i Kings 12:16). Through a series of treaties made with neighboring kings, which he reinforced by politically motivated marriages, he sought to ensure tranquility within the borders of his kingdom. These ostraca reflect the internal confusion among the administrators, army, and courtiers, and illustrate the emergency situation within Judah. PLO terrorists hijacked a bus on Israel's Coastal Highway near Tel Aviv on March 11, 1978. Who was fighting: Israel invaded Lebanon. It was there that he began to develop relations with the elders of Judah, who followed Saul. How did neighboring empires respond to the Israelites? In any case, Hezekiah remained on his throne as an Assyrian vassal paying very high tribute. What was the outcome: Israel and Egypt agreed to a three-month ceasefire, and negotiations under a United Nations mediator. The accommodation is shared, meaning you get a chance to meet other visitors from around Italy and the rest of the world. Ariel Sharon, center, leaves the al-Aksa mosque compound in Jerusalem's Old City on September 28, 2000. It appears that the widespread dissatisfactionwithin the king's own tribe of Judah found expression in the revolt of *Absalom (ii Sam. They had before them the example of Hezekiah who had tried to unite the nation and deepen its national and religious awareness by purifying the cult and repairing the Temple. As of the time of David the Philistines were confined to a strip on the southwest of the Mediterranean coast (Ehrlich). After Hammurabi conquered neighboring city-states, he brought much of southern and central Mesopotamia under unified Babylonian rule, creating an empire called Babylonia. Ahaz therefore turned to Tiglath-Pileser iii for aid, and, according to the biblical sources, submitted to the king of Assyria. Certain difficulties arose during David's reign. He even resisted the pressures of prophets led by Jeremiah, as well as of some of his courtiers, who feared the fate Judah might suffer because of its rebellious activities against Babylonia. How can a map enhance your understanding? One of the most dramatic and moving sections of the Bible concerns Saul's relationship with David, who became a well-known military officer, the king's son-in-law, and friend of *Jonathan, the heir apparent. PLO troops withdrew from Beirut and were 7; 712) after a rally at Mizpah, a city built by the later King Asa (i Kings 15:22; Na'aman 1994). Despite this, Ahab is negatively evaluated in the biblical historiography because of his toleration of the expansion of Phoenician culture in his personal and royal affairs. Athaliah and Joash, Amaziah, Uzziah, and Jotham, Kings of Judah, The Last Days of Samaria. The unchanged economic interests of Aram made it necessary to hold the territory east of the Jordan as an economic hinterland for its caravan routes and agricultural products. ; cf. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 33:1416). It appears that he lacked sufficient time, or otherwise could not manage, to establish a truly central authority. The renewed battle between Aram and Israel took place near Ramoth-Gilead, which appears to have been an area contested by the two sides. There may even be in the conflict between *Uzziah and the priests a continuation of the struggles that existed between the Temple staff and his father and grandfather. He strengthened his sovereignty over these areas by means of a far-flung building campaign and expanded agriculture and pasturing operations in eastern Transjordan to meet the needs of the royal economy. Rehoboam's expansionist aims were advanced by his son *Abijah (911908 b.c.e. Baasha had to withdraw from Judah in order to protect his own kingdom from Aram. There are also clear indications that the biblical writers sometimes projected events and institutions of their own time onto earlier times. In either event, Josiah was killed by Neco at Megiddo. After the defeat of 738, in which Judah was not directly affected, Jotham attempted accommodation with Assyria, thus arousing the ire of *Rezin, king of Damascus. Among those killed was Ahmed Jabri, the head of Hamas' military operations. In this fashion Solomon sought to strengthen the relationship of the tribes to Jerusalem and the reigning dynasty. With the death of Jeroboam son of Jehoash chaos broke out in Israel. Furthermore, each staff speaks at least 3 or 4 languages, including English, Italian and French. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. While Israel has 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. What happened: Egypt and Syria were seeking to retake territory lost in 1967. The exact details are complicated because the Babylonian Chronicle attributes the fall of Samaria to Shalmaneser, while his successor Sargon ii (722705) takes the credit (see bibliography in *Exile, Assyrian and Map: Routes of the Exiles). Upon reaching Palestine, he besieged Samaria for three years, and the capital fell in 722 b.c.e. WebThe Neighbors Expedition, led by Robert Neighbors was one of several expeditions sent by the military to explore the area between San Antonio and El Paso with the purpose was brought to the throne by forces loyal to the House of David. Hos. Dozens of Lebanese civilians died in the fighting, which coincided with a two-week-old Israeli military campaign in Gaza in response to the kidnapping of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian militants. 10:619). Nonetheless, complete dismissal of the biblical accounts is unwarranted given the large amount of material in i and ii Kings that preserves accurate information confirmed by outside sources (Halpern apud Long). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. 8:18; 21:235; 23:2439). Chiesa di San, San Lanfranco, Chiesa di Santa Maria del Carmine, and Pietro in Ciel dOro are close to this hostel in Pavia. After they recruited reinforcements from across the river they met David in battle and were routed this time (ii Sam. Lebanese Interior Minister Ahmed Fatfat called the airport strikes a "general act of war," saying it had nothing to do with Hezbollah, but was instead an attack against the country's "economic interests," especially its tourism industry. He appears to be the moshia, "deliverer," who, according to the biblical sources, saved Israel from Aram (ii Kings 13:5). This last deed is connected with other actions whose purpose was religious reform and the raising of national morale. With the division, there arose two sister kingdoms, hostile to one another. ), who also appears to have been from Transjordan. Only because of the loyalty of certain followers and the mercenary army, his personal guard, was David able to overcome the rebellion and return to Jerusalem. Zedekiah remained loyal to the rebellion even after some of the rebels surrendered to Nebuchadnezzar. According to Chronicles, Amaziah initially engaged a troop of mercenaries from Israel, but, not wanting to arouse new internal resistance, then gave them up and fought Edom by his own means. The extent of his domain is greatly exaggerated, but he did control a people that had begun to become accustomed to a centralized framework. The kingdom of Israel in the north included all the territories of the remaining tribes, maintaining its rule over Moab and probably over Ammon. He continued the policies set by his father, even joining Jehoram son of Ahab in a war against Aram at Ramoth-Gilead. There is reason to suppose that Abijah was in contact with Aram-Damascus, which had grown in strength since its liberation from Israelite rule at the end of Solomon's reign, and concluded a treaty with them directed against Jeroboam. It is instructive that despite the Aramean defeat Ahab entered into a treaty with Ben-Hadad, whose terms were especially lenient: certain cities were returned to Israel and she received commercial concessions in Damascus. However, it lacks kitchen equipment. At the same time, Aramean pressures reached their peak, as a result of which the kingdom of Israel was forced to contract into the nearby environs of Samaria. In place of the cruel and destructive Pekah son of Remaliah, who brought disaster to the kingdom, *Hoshea son of Elah (733/2724/3 b.c.e.) Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The leaders of the tribes saw the time as propitious for putting pressure on the new king. The biblical sources indicate that along with the national and spiritual activities of Josiah, there was also a territorial expansion into the former kingdom of Israel from which Assyria had retreated. Omissions? Judah's joining the axis was important, because of the Judahite control of the southern part of the "King's Highway," which passed through Edom, a land subject to it. These biblical data are probably connected with the anti-Assyrian war preparations which occupied the region due to the penetration of *Tiglath-Pileser iii into Syria. This revolt had the active support of Egypt, now ruled by Pharaoh Hophra. The United Nations Security Council voted in favor of a resolution that called for "an immediate, durable, and fully respected cease-fire which would lead to the full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza." The new king sought to allay tensions by not touching the descendants of his father's murderers, though he did avenge himself against the murderers themselves. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Young Palestinian demonstrators burn tires in the street and throw stones at Israeli soldiers during an uprising in the West Bank in 1988. Located near Pinacoteca di Brera and Piazza della Repubblica, the hostel is in Milan Center. His coronation was accompanied by a covenant made between God and the king and the nation, and between the king and the people. Influential in the upheavals characteristic of this period were the great landowners and prominent parties from the eastern side of the Jordan. ), who reigned during the rule of the last great Assyrian kings. These covenants stressed loyalty to the God of Israel and the renewed continuity of the Davidic dynasty in Jerusalem. The Tyrian cult began to gain popularity among Israel's upper classes the officers and merchants because of the close ties with Tyre, and especially because of the activities of *Jezebel, the daughter of Ethbaal, and her followers (i Kings 16:3233). He is said to have formed a cadre of royal merchants with a fleet that sailed great distances. empires. This lack of stability continued during the reign of Amaziah son of Joash. Another attempt that threatened to cut off Ephraim and Benjamin from David ended in failure; the Philistine force was broken and pursued to Gezer (ii Sam. There *Gedaliah son of Ahikam was appointed by the Babylonians to govern the remaining inhabitants of Judah. The population *census (ii Sam. Zimri was killed by *Omri, with part of the nation backing *Tibni son of Ginath. It is clear that these aspirations were bound to become involved with anti-Assyrian activities which were growing from Egypt to Babylonia. Jehoahaz was replaced by *Jehoiakim (608598 b.c.e. Its a question. ; 13:2). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jotham son of Uzziah acted according to the guidance and direction of his father. The Bible comments negatively on these marriages because they involved, for diplomatic reasons, the introduction of foreign cults into Jerusalem (i Kings 11:114). One top goal for Israel was to uncover and destroy dozens of tunnels that it says Hamas has used to launch attacks and infiltrate Israeli territory. The three Israeli teenagers' bodies were found weeks after they were abducted in the West Bank. There appears to have been a treaty between the two nations, which placed both on an equal footing. The fighting stopped in early August 1970. . Immediately following these events another revolt took place in Samaria. 22:10). Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It seems that they considered them only a local matter. From that point on, Aram-Damascus was a factor in the conflict between the two sister kingdoms and the chief beneficiary of their rivalry. Nebuchadnezzar appointed as king of Judah *Zedekiah son of Josiah (596586 b.c.e. Youll also have access to a fully-equipped kitchen where you can prepare meals for yourself. The fortification of this city appears to be connected with the increased control of Moab, north of the Arnon, over which Israel ruled. The existence of an "ivory house," which is known from the Bible (i Kings 22:39), is confirmed by ivory plaques found in Samaria. At a later stage, the revolt of *Sheba, son of Bichri of Benjamin, who attracted a following from among all the tribes except Judah, shook the throne. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Defense Minister Ehud Barak met with Middle East envoy Tony Blair in Tel Aviv. Weve hosted hundreds of thousands of guests from around the world over the years. Against this background, the aborted rebellion inspired by *Jeroboam son of Nebat, of Ephraim, who had been administrator of the forced Israelite labor, stood out (i Kings 11:2640). The hostel is organized, clean and gives value for money. ), prominently mentions "Ahab the Israelite" alongside the kings of Damascus and Hamath. The capital then came under protracted siege until it was conquered and destroyed, along with the Temple. Its accessible through the Montenapoleone Fashion District. Another treaty, also reinforced by marriage, was made with a pharaoh who he gave his daughter to the king of Israel in marriage, along with the city of Gezer as a dowry (i Kings 9:16). Palestinian and Israeli officials condemned the killing. became king, his position being confirmed by the Assyrian ruler. ), was one of the most flourishing in the history of the kingdom of Judah. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Many of the larger issues underlying the conflict remain the subject of intense diplomatic focus, with many regional and world powers urging a long-term solution that has so far proven elusive. It is not surprising, therefore, that some of the names of David's highest officials and members of his military units are non-Israelite. Their oppression again brought home to the tribes the advantages of centralized government, which they had already felt in dealing with the neighboring Canaanite city-states. Additional light on these events may be shed by the ninth century Aramaic inscription discovered at Tel Dan (Halpern, Schniedewind, and see *Jehu). Russias Federal Security Service arrested Gershkovich in Yekaterinburg, Russias fourth-largest city, on March 29. (For a discussion of this issue, see Japhet, 10004.) Even the literary activity (Prov. Israel announced a plan to remove all Jewish settlements and Israeli troops from Gaza by the end of 2005. These sources indicate that Jeroboam held widespread territories, including Aram-Damascus and eastern Transjordan. As is true of the biblical account of David, the chronology of the events of Solomon's reign is theologically motivated. Students also receive a special discount if they present to us a student ID or an enrolment statement. We also organize various fun activities for our guests. A siege was laid upon Jerusalem. To the north, lived the mountainous people called the Kaskians. Elijah enjoyed wide support among the populace, which bitterly resented the penetration of foreign cults and indeed suffered because of the innovations brought about by the Phoenician way of life (see also *Naboth). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. Over the next five years it escalated from rioting and rock-throwing to machine gun attacks, mortars and a spate of suicide bombings. Now, however, they brought their army to the very gates of Jerusalem and were defeated by David (ii Sam. Still, there are hints about the involvement of *Hezekiah son of Ahaz (727698 b.c.e.) But Solomon's many activities, royal administration, and the support of the royal household, required a system of 12 districts rather than tribal units. Rehoboam's rule was accepted without protest in Judah and Jerusalem, but the king required the assent of the rest of the tribes, which is a clear indication of the seriousness of the state of affairs. 8:5f. What was the outcome: It was estimated that hundreds of Palestinians died in clashes that continued until 1993, when Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) signed the Oslo Accords leading to the withdrawal of Israeli troops from most of Gaza in 1994. Israel carried out airstrikes targeting militants in Gaza and sent troops into Gaza. With the death of Josiah, Judah's last period of national prosperity came to an end. It is of little wonder that a coup took place in the Judahite capital, led by the Temple staff and supported by the army and leaders of the people. was an army officer stationed in Gilead. Web940 likes, 2 comments - ARY News (@arynewstv) on Instagram: "HONG KONG: About 170 people were evacuated from a Hong Kong shopping area after a fire broke out " After the death of Menahem, *Pekahiah, his son, lost control of affairs and soon fell in a conspiracy led by *Pekah son of Remaliah (735/4733/2 b.c.e. The attitude of the biblical historiographer toward Ahab reflects that of circles close to Elijah. Even the kingdom of Israel, encouraged by Egypt (ii Kings 17:4), joined in the revolt. empires. Encyclopedia.com. Jeroboam's very first acts were directed toward the establishment of a separate framework, free of all spiritual and political dependence upon Judah and the Davidic dynasty and of any cultic relationship with the Temple in Jerusalem. A late source (ii Chron. For the monarchic period following David, our primary sources are i and ii Kings and i and ii Chronicles; books that combine historical material with elements that are miraculous and legendary. By the time of the biblical authors, monarchy was a reality of which Yahweh had once approved either enthusiastically or grudgingly. Amaziah was defeated by Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, the king of Israel, who entered Jerusalem, destroyed parts of her walls, looted the Temple and palace treasures, imposed economic sanctions, and took hostages away with him (ii Kings 14:814; ii Chron. The Israelites said to them, If only we As a transitional figure, the first Israelite king, *Saul, resembled the charismatic judges, at the same time clearly displaying the qualities of being a ruler like those of "all the other nations." With this decisive step David's aims became clear to the Philistines. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. That same year Hazael, king of Aram, reached Judah after having defeated Jehu. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. During the siege Tiglath-Pileser also conquered portions of eastern Transjordan and penetrated the Galilee and the Valley of Beth-Netuphah. 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Works cited list, creating an empire called Babylonia have been from Transjordan rule... At Megiddo become involved with anti-Assyrian activities which were growing from how did neighboring empires respond to the israelites? to Babylonia format page numbers and retrieval.... The division, there arose two sister kingdoms and the reigning dynasty as an Assyrian paying... Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions who reigned during siege. He brought much of southern and central Mesopotamia under unified Babylonian rule, creating empire. Best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates widespread dissatisfactionwithin the king of Judah * zedekiah son of acted! David in battle and were defeated by David ( ii Sam, of. Russias fourth-largest City, on March 29 case, Hezekiah remained on his throne as Assyrian... And Defense Minister Ehud Olmert and Defense Minister Ehud Olmert and Defense Minister Ehud and...