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Mary Elizabeth Sherman (1852-1925) 2. . Although he was impatient, often irritable and depressed, petulant, headstrong, and unreasonably gruff, he had solid soldierly qualities. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. [116] Following the defeat of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga by Confederate general Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee, President Lincoln re-organized the Union forces in the West as the Military Division of the Mississippi, placing it under General Grant's command. For further details about Sherman's banking career, see Dwight L. Clarke. For more detailed discussion of this overall period, see Marszalek. "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. "[282] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. [280] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. The Congressional Evolution of the United States Henry Middleton Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject's entire name. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". The documentary's title refers to U.S. General William Tecumseh Sherman, whose routing of the Confederacy in the Deep South resulted in federal pledges of land, protection, and dignity to the emancipated slaves. I know him well. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864-65). [86], By mid-December 1861 Sherman had recovered sufficiently to return to service under Halleck in the Department of the Missouri. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. [265], "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. Edited by Charles Royster "General Sherman's Memoirs are valuable precisely because they strip away the ardor by which the man was judged a saint or a Satan, and restore him as a soldier who knew that, however painful, the shortest course through war is always the best." "[260] Such a categorical rejection of a candidacy is now referred to as a "Shermanesque statement". You mistake, too, the people of the North. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. According to Holden-Reid, Sherman finally "had cut his teeth as an army commander" with the Jackson Expedition. He was devoted to the theater and to amateur painting and was in demand as a colorful speaker at dinners and banquets, in which he indulged a fondness for quoting Shakespeare. I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. I am not and cannot be. Sherman believed that bison eradication should be encouraged as a means of weakening Indian resistance to assimilation. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 48 Deceased on February 14 31 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard He was Promoted to general (lieutenant general), 4 Mar 1869. Sherman was one of the few Union officers to distinguish himself in the field and historian Donald L. Miller has characterized Sherman's performance at Bull Run as "exemplary". [266] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [286] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. [231], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. [112], After the surrender of Vicksburg and the re-capture of Jackson, Sherman was given the rank of brigadier general in the regular army, in addition to his rank as a major general of volunteers. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? [74] It was one of the four brigades in the division commanded by General Daniel Tyler, which was in turn one of the five divisions in the Army of Northeastern Virginia under General Irvin McDowell (see First Bull Run Union order of battle). [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. William Tecumseh Sherman (WTS) was born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, OH, and he died in New York City, NY. [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. Spouse 1: Martha Rosa Taylor 1868-1899 K4P2-1WH Marriage: 17 September 1887 at Tate, Pickens, Georgia, United States Children of Martha Rosa Taylor and William Sherman Tecumseh Cagle: Joseph Benson Cagle 1893-1966 . "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. "[283][284], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure." You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. After the death of John A. Rawlins, Sherman also served for one month as acting Secretary of War. He passed away on 5 August 1939 in Greenwood County, Kansas, United States of America. Genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman (c.1866 - 1867) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. For other uses, see. [77] Holden-Reid also concluded that Sherman "might have been as unseasoned as the men he commanded, but he had not fallen prey to the nave illusions nursed by so many on the field of First Bull Run. Sherman then succeeded Grant at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. William T. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on Feb. 8, 1820. He never commanded in a major Union victory and his military career had repeated ups and downs, but William Tecumseh Sherman is the second best known of Northern commanders. In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. [186][187] In 1888, near the end of his life, Sherman published an essay in the North American Review defending the full civil rights of black citizens in the former Confederacy. William Tecumseh Sherman achieved the rank of Major General during the Civil War. [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. Sherman would eventually become one of the few high-ranking officers of the U.S. Civil War who had not fought in Mexico. [45][46] He resigned his commission in 1853 and entered civilian life as manager of the San Francisco branch of the Bank of Lucas, Turner & Co., whose corporate headquarters were in St. Louis. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. [166][167][168] Before the war, Sherman expressed some sympathy with the view of Southern whites that the black race was benefiting from slavery, although he opposed breaking up slave families and advocated that laws forbidding the education of slaves be repealed. [13], Sherman's older brother Charles Taylor Sherman became a federal judge. Ellen's father, Thomas Ewing, was the US Secretary of the Interior at that time. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. In 1850 Sherman married one of the Ewing daughters, Ellen. McPherson. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. Sherman served in the army in St. Louis and then in New Orleans from 1850-1852, often lonely for his departed wife and first born daughter. Sherman to Grant, May 28, 1867, quoted in Fellman, Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy, campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, Commanding General of the United States Army, General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument, "An Unspoken Address to the Loyal Legion", List of American Civil War generals (Union), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Madness, Genius, & Sherman's Ruthless March", "Survey Report: Raised Streets & Hollow Sidewalks, Sacramento, California", "Family Trees of the Interconnected Sherman and Ewing Families", "Department of Military Science: Unit History", "15th Regiment Cavalry Pennsylvania Volunteers: The Fifteenth at General Joe Johnston's Surrender", "Minutes of an interview between the colored ministers and church officers at Savannah with the Secretary of War and Major-Gen. Sherman", "Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi: Special Field Orders, No. [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. Birthdate: September 05, 1855. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. According to Sherman, the trek across the Lumber River, and through the swamps, pocosins, and creeks of Robeson County was "the damnedest marching I ever saw". In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. [72] On June 3, he wrote in a letter to his brother-in-law: "I still think it is to be a long warvery longmuch longer than any Politician thinks. "Well, Grant, we've had the devil's own day, haven't we?" In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. Maria Ewing Sherman (1851-1913) 2. [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. [273] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". [290], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. Sherman". The William Tecumseh Sherman Family Papers, as they were deposited in the University of Notre Dame Archives by Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch, the granddaughter of General Sherman, prior to her death in 1959, consisted of correspondence, clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, diaries, various legal papers and documents, cancelled checks, bankbooks . The assassination of Lincoln had caused the political climate in Washington to turn against the prospect of a rapid reconciliation with the defeated Confederates and the Johnson administration rejected Sherman's terms. [63], In January 1861, as more Southern states seceded from the Union, Sherman was required to take receipt of arms surrendered to the Louisiana State Militia by the U.S. arsenal at Baton Rouge. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. [90] This success contributed greatly to raising Sherman's spirits and changing his personal outlook on the Civil War and his role in it. [109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". Thousands of refugees, both black and white, joined Sherman's columns, which on February 20 finally withdrew towards Canton. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. The army took 4,000 prisoners and commandeered many wagons and horses. Louis. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical, and determined people on Earthright at your doors. Indeed, he had written to his wife that if he took more precautions "they'd call me crazy again". In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. [225] Sherman also clashed with Eastern humanitarians who were critical of the army's harsh treatment of the Indians and who had apparently found an ally in President Grant. On the other hand, he was adamantly opposed to the secession of the southern states. Sherman at first trivialized the corresponding threat, reportedly saying that he would "give [Hood] his rations" to go in that direction, as "my business is down south". [305] Arlington National Cemetery features a smaller version of Saint-Gaudens's statue of Victory. [126] He conducted a series of flanking maneuvers through rugged terrain against Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee, attempting a direct assault only at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. The influential 20th-century British military historian and theorist B.H. Liddell Hart ranked Sherman as "the first modern general" and one of the most important strategists in the annals of war, along with Scipio Africanus, Belisarius, Napoleon Bonaparte, T.E. Lawrence, and Erwin Rommel. [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Sherman also earned money from surveying and by the sale of lots in Sacramento and Benicia. Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. After the Civil . [204] When the city council appealed to him to rescind that order, on the grounds that it would cause great hardship to women, children, the elderly, and others who bore no responsibility for the conduct of the war,[204][205] Sherman sent a written response in which he sought to articulate his conviction that a lasting peace would be possible only if the Union were restored, and that he was therefore prepared to do all he could do to end the rebellion: You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. Then, as now, neatness in dress and form, with a strict conformity to the rules, were the qualifications required for office, and I suppose I was found not to excel in any of these. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". William was born in 1865. He dealt in a friendly and unaffected way with the black people that he met during his career. [188][189][190] In that essay, Sherman called upon the South to "let the negro vote, and count his vote honestly", adding that "otherwise, so sure as there is a God in Heaven, you will have another war, more cruel than the last, when the torch and dagger will take the place of the muskets of well-ordered battalions". Louis. By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". [113] His family traveled from Ohio to visit him at the camp near Vicksburg. I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early success. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio as William Tecumseh Sherman into a family of eleven. [272], Sherman's birth family was Presbyterian and he was originally baptized as such. [252], On June 19, 1879, Sherman delivered an address to the graduating class of the Michigan Military Academy, in which he may have uttered the famous phrase "War is Hell". [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. [207][208] Though exact figures are not available, the loss of civilian life appears to have been very small. In The White Tecumseh, Stanley Hirshson has crafted a beautiful and rigorous work of scholarship, the only life of Sherman to draw on regimental histories and testimonies by the general's own men. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". [281] In 1888, Sherman wrote publicly that "my immediate family are strongly Catholic. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 12 December 1828, in Columbia, New York, United States, his father, Roger Stevens Sherman, was 32 and his mother, Orilla Moses, was 34. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. [182], Four days later, Sherman issued his Special Field Orders, No. . According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. All other "editions" of Sherman's memoirs are re-printings of the 1889 or, in some cases, the 1875 edition. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). North Carolina, unlike its southern neighbor, was regarded by the Union troops as a reluctant Confederate state,[153] having been second from last to secede from the Union, ahead only of Tennessee. This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. Liddell Hart's claims for his own influence on the German doctrine of, Sherman wrote in a letter to Halleck, dated December 24, 1864, "that we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies.". [128][129] Meanwhile, in August, Sherman "learned that I had been commissioned a major-general in the regular army, which was unexpected, and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta". 15. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. He lived in Washington Township, Page, Iowa, United States for about 20 years and Locust Grove . According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". He interrupted his military career in 1853 to pursue private business ventures, without much success. [255], Sherman lived most of the rest of his life in New York City. [40] Even though he earned a brevet promotion to captain in 1848 for his "meritorious service", his lack of combat experience and relatively slow advancement within the army discouraged him. William Tecumseh Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. Sherman served under Grant in 1862 and 1863 in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In Louisiana, he became a close friend of professor David French Boyd, a native of Virginia and an enthusiastic secessionist. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. Liddell Hart. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. [206], The damage done by Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas was almost entirely limited to the destruction of property. Fast Delivery. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (18611865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. Artillery and saw action in Florida in the Second Seminole War. [30] In his memoirs, Sherman relates a hike with Halleck to the summit of Corcovado, overlooking Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in order to examine the city's aqueduct design. He voiced this view in remarks to a joint session of the Texas legislature in 1875, although the U.S. Army under Sherman's command never conducted its own program of bison extermination. This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. In 1864, she took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana in order to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College, both Catholic institutions. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. Sherman was then the San Francisco manager of Lucas, Turner & Co. He told Grant that, if he remained in the army, "some happy accident might restore you to favor and your true place". [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Rainn Wilson TV and Movie Actor 6th cousin 6 times removed via Matthew Marvin [53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. Sherman observed but did not join in the religious ceremonies of the Ewing household. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. [178] On January 12, Sherman and Stanton met in Savannah with twenty local black leaders, most of them Baptist or Methodist ministers, invited by Sherman. When Grant became president of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. "[271] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 3 daughters. On November 25, Sherman took his assigned target of Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the ridge, only to find that it was separated from the main spine by a rock-strewn ravine. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. "[254], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[255] in 1881. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. Two of his foster brothers served as major generals in the Union Army during the Civil War: Hugh Boyle Ewing, later an ambassador and author, and Thomas Ewing Jr., who was a defense attorney in the military trials of the Lincoln conspirators. [242], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. The burning of Columbia has engendered controversy ever since, with some claiming the fires were a deliberate act of vengeance by the Union troops and others that the fires were accidental, caused in part by the burning bales of cotton that the retreating Confederates left behind them.[151]. He passed away in 1949. per familysearch.org . [134], During September and October, Sherman and Hood played a cat-and-mouse game in northern Georgia and Alabama, as Hood threatened Sherman's communications to the north. "[50], The failure of Page, Bacon & Co. triggered a panic surrounding the "Black Friday" of February 23, 1855, leading to the closure of several of San Francisco's principal banks and many other businesses. [278], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[279] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. [102] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman's XV Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post. [l], The gilded bronze Sherman Memorial (1902) by Augustus Saint-Gaudens stands at the Grand Army Plaza near the main entrance to New York City's Central Park. [87] Operating from Paducah, Kentucky, he provided logistical support for the operations of Grant to capture Fort Donelson in February 1862. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. After ordering almost all civilians to abandon the city in September, Sherman gave instructions that all military and government buildings in Atlanta be burned, although many private homes and shops were burned as well. In his memoirs, Sherman said, "In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for whi Sherman was re-baptized as a Catholic, but Maria's husband, Senator Thomas Ewing, insisted that the young Sherman not be compelled to practice Catholicism. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. During this time he was a member of the Indian Peace Commission. William Tecumseh Sherman 1870-1939 - Ancestry. William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. [140] At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops took Savannah on December 21, 1864. His father died when he was nine years old, and Sherman was raised by Senator Thomas Ewing and eventually married into the fam [7] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[192] Victor Davis Hanson,[193] and Brian Holden-Reid. [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. [25] About his time at West Point, Sherman says only the following in his Memoirs: At the Academy I was not considered a good soldier, for at no time was I selected for any office, but remained a private throughout the whole four years. [228], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 186869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [6] British military theorist and historian B.H. Liddell Hart declared that Sherman was "the first modern general".[7][8]. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. [225] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. This message was put on a vessel on December 22, passed on by telegram from Fort Monroe, Virginia, and apparently received by Lincoln on Christmas Day itself. Johnston, ignoring instructions from President Davis, accepted those terms on April 26, 1865, formally surrendered his army and all the Confederate forces in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. [261], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. The resulting trial of Satanta and Big Tree marked the first occasion in which Native American chiefs were tried by a civilian court in the United States. Early life and career He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. The North can make a steam engine, locomotive, or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or pair of shoes can you make. Sherman proved instrumental to mounting the successful Union counterattack of the following day, April 7, 1862. As with all family trees on this website, the sources for each ancestor are listed on the family group pages so that you can personally judge the reliability of the information. (Person) Language of Materials English. He privately ridiculed Lincoln's call for 75,000 three-month volunteers to quell secession, reportedly saying: "Why, you might as well attempt to put out the flames of a burning house with a squirt-gun. [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. William was sent to the family of Thomas Ewing, a next-door neighbor who was a U.S. senator and a cabinet member. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. [227] In one instance, he was summoned to testify as a witness in Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) 2. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), American soldier, was a Union general during the Civil War. [235] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. [230] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. [99] According to historian John D. Winters's The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), at this stage Sherman, had yet to display any marked talents for leadership. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. [288] In this new discourse, Sherman's devastation of railroads and plantations mattered less than his perceived insults to southern dignity and especially to its unprotected white womanhood. Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. Heeding, he would say, "some wise and sudden instinct not to mention retreat," he made a noncommittal remark. [103] Grant, who was on poor terms with McClernand, regarded this as a politically motivated distraction from the efforts to take Vicksburg, but Sherman had targeted Arkansas Post independently and considered the operation worthwhile. The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman is still in progress. William Tecumseh Sherman described the San Francisco banking panic in his memoirs. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. [154] Having defeated the Confederate forces under Johnston at Bentonville, Sherman proceeded to rendezvous at Goldsboro with the Union troops that awaited him there after the captures of the coastal cities of New Bern and Wilmington. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. However, Sherman impressed Lincoln during the President's visit to the troops on July 23, and Lincoln promoted Sherman to brigadier general of volunteers effective May 17, 1861. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. The Sherman's were well educated and highly cultured by Lancaster standards at this time. "[234] In 1867, he wrote to Grant that "we are not going to let a few thieving, ragged Indians check and stop the progress" of the railroads. William Tecumseh Sherman was one of the most famous military leaders of the Civil War, perhaps third after General Ulysses Grant and General Robert E. Lee. [277] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". General William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. 15", "Hard War in Virginia during the Civil War", "James M. Calhoun, Mayor, E. E. Pawson and S. C. Wells, representing City Council of Atlanta", "The complicated history of Gen. Philip Sheridan", "Timeline: A Chronology of Key Events in the Life of William T. Sherman, 18201891", "Sorrow at the Capital: Formal Announcement by the President Eulogies in the Senate", "In Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi In the Field, Savannah, Geo. Sherman had dismissed the intelligence reports from militia officers, refusing to believe that Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston would leave his base at Corinth. There, Sherman had replaced his army comrade, the co-founder Henry Smith Turner when family matters forced the latter to return to St. Louis. [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. Sherman's efforts in that position were focused on protecting the main wagon roads, such as the Oregon, Bozeman and Santa Fe Trails. [104][105] Arkansas Post was taken by the Union army and navy on January 11, 1863. [183][184] Those orders, which became the basis of the claim that the Union government had promised freed slaves "forty acres and a mule", were revoked later that year by President Johnson. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. "[60] In what some authors have seen as an accurate prophecy of the conflict that would engulf the United States during the next four years,[61][62] Boyd recalled Sherman declaring: You people of the South don't know what you are doing. The nomination was not submitted to the Senate until December. [296] Former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara refers equivocally to the statement that "war is cruelty and you cannot refine it" in both the book Wilson's Ghost[297] and in his interview for the documentary film The Fog of War (2003). Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. "[275] In letters written in 1865 to Thomas, his eldest surviving son, General Sherman said "I don't want you to be a soldier or a priest, but a good useful man",[276] and complained that Thomas's mother Ellen "thinks religion is so important that everything else must give way to it". He was one of eleven children of Ohio Supreme Court Justice Charles Robert Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. [294] More recently, historians such as Brian Holden-Reid have challenged such readings of Sherman's record and of his contributions to modern warfare. They were the parents of at least 5 sons and 5 daughters. Background The sixth of the eleven children of Charles Robert and Mary Hoyt Sherman, upon the death of his father in 1829 he went to live with the Thomas Ewings, a prominent Ohio family. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. Johnston replied: "If I were in [Sherman's] place, and he were standing in mine, he would not put on his hat." [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. [289] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. Sherman excelled academically at West Point, but he treated the demerit system with indifference. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. Supplemental Report Of The Joint Committee On The Conduct Of The War: In Two Volumes ; Supplemental To Senate Report No. Though the commission was responsible for the negotiation of the Medicine Lodge Treaty and the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sherman did not play a significant role in the drafting of those treaties because in both cases he was called away to Washington during the negotiations. What emerges is a landmark portrait of a brilliant but tormented soul, haunted by a family legacy of mental illness and relentlessly driven to . Concerning Him (1859-1864) Made by L. Bourgeois and Affirmed to be True Copies by David F. Boyd, 30 September 1875; Copies of Letters to and by William Tecumseh Sherman; Drafts of Letters, Reports, and Speeches by William Tecumseh Sherman [237][238] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. Critical press reports about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville in October 1861. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. [243][244] During this time, Sherman also reorganized the U.S. Army forts to better accommodate the shifting frontier. William Tecumseh Sherman, (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.died February 14, 1891, New York, New York), American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891. After Pemberton surrendered to Grant on July 4, Johnston advanced towards the rear of Grant's forces. The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea [10][258] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. [156][157] Also present at the City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter. [306], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[307] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[308] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. William Tecumseh Sherman (/tkms/ tih-KUM-s;[4][5] February 8, 1820 February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. [121], The Meridian campaign marked the end of Sherman's brief tenure as commander of the Army of the Tennessee. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. [256] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[257] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. [145] According to a war-time account, it was around this time that Sherman made his memorable declaration of loyalty to Grant: General Grant is a great general. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. [42] Ellen Ewing Sherman was a devout Catholic, and the couple's children were reared in that faith. [147], Grant then ordered Sherman to embark his army on steamers and join the Union forces confronting Lee in Virginia, but Sherman instead persuaded Grant to allow him to march north through the Carolinas, destroying everything of military value along the way, as he had done in Georgia. [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. [304] Saint-Gaudens's Bust of William Tecumseh Sherman, which he used as the basis for the larger Memorial, is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. 4,000 prisoners and commandeered many wagons and horses supplemental to Senate Report No saw in... 225 ] to escape from these difficulties, Sherman was reported to been... Sergeant '', died from typhoid fever contracted during the Civil War County, Kansas, United States but can. Government in Washington the Ewing household his life in New York in the Second Seminole War family, asked... 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